INTRODUCTION
If there weren't pollution, water would have to be consumed like it flows out from the source because it contains many mineral substances necessary to the organism.
In function of minerals substances concentration, waters are classified in three categories: good, acceptable and not acceptable.
Many people purchase mineral water at the supermarket for drinking use, but they use public home water for cooking.
Not always mineral water can be classified as good; it often has any parameters concerning toxic substances, near to the limit of acceptability Moreover there are other facts that modify water property in the bottle: elapsed time between bottle production and consumption, but also the exposure to the light. This, does not guarantee perfect sterility because enables battery proliferation.
Public water distributed by public utility company is generally more safe and controlled with rispect mineral waters at the supermarket, but it contain chlorine that causes bad smell and taste.
 

THE LIMESCALE

Limescale is the hard, off-white, chalky deposit found in kettles, hot-water boilers and the inside of inadequately maintained hot-water central heating systems. It is also often found as a similar deposit on the inner surface of old pipes and other surfaces where 'hard water' has evaporated.
Limescale has a main component of calcium carbonate, precipitated out of the (hot) water. Hard water contains calcium (and often magnesium) carbonates and/or similar salts. This phenomenon involves a remarkable damage and consequently large sums of money to repair systems.
Hard water causes lot of energy consumption, usually estimated as 30% more.
Another inconvenient of the hard water, is the excessive consumption of soap, shampoo and similar products.
 

 

The possible water treatments are of two types: chemical and physical.

THE PHYSICAL TREATMENT

The physical treatment is obtained by forcing water to flow through a powerful magnetic field.

The magnetic field efffects on the water were discoveried in late 1900 by Hendrick Antoon Lorenz a Danish physicist. For this discovered he received Nobel prize in 1902!!!

Calcium and all the other Ionian in the water, flowing through high magnetic field, loose their crystalline propierties and trasform to aragonite, which is very similar to talc. 
Magnetic conditioners have thei better efficiency for a maximum of 25 °F water hardness.

The advantages are better explained:

- no chemical products use;
- no water's natural qualities alteration;
- no electric power consumption;
- increase of systems's efficiency;
- reduce costs of systems maintenance;
 

CHEMICAL TREATMENTS

"Water softners" is the usually name specific for this treatment. The mechanism is by ionic exchange, in particular the replacement of calcium with sodium.
Water softner is necessary when water hardness is major to 25-30°F.